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1 The Most Dangerous Game
1932 – США (63 мин)Произв. RKO (Мериан К. Купер и Эрнест Б. Шоудсэк)Реж. ЭРНЕСТ Б. ШОУДСЭК и ИРВИНГ ПИЧЕЛСцен. Джеймс Э. Крилмен по одноименному рассказу Ричарда КоннеллаОпер. Генри ДжеррардМуз. Макс СтайнерВ ролях Джоэл Маккри (Боб Рейнсфорд), Фэй Рей (Ив Траубридж), Лесли Бэнкс (граф Зарофф), Роберт Армстронг (Мартин Траубридж), Ноубл Джонсон, Стив Клементо (слуги-татары).Корабль прославленного охотника Боба Рейнсфорда и его друзей разбивается о рифы и взрывается неподалеку от острова Брэнкс. Рейнсфорд – единственный выживший – оказывается на острове, который считает необитаемым. Он попадает в замок, где живут граф Зарофф и его немой слуга казак Иван, а также прочие слуги. Зарофф в восторге от этой встречи, поскольку с восхищением следит за карьерой и книгами Рейнсфорда. Он знакомит его с людьми, выжившими в предыдущем кораблекрушении: Мартином Траубриджем и его сестрой Ив. Для Зароффа охота тоже является делом всей жизни. «Вся моя жизнь – одна славная охота», – с гордостью объявляет он. Он рассказывает, что однажды, устав от охоты, а следовательно – от всего, что привязывало его к жизни, он решил выбрать себе новую дичь, самую опасную. Он отказывается уточнить, о чем идет речь. Это его тайна. Рейнсфорд вскоре открывает ее, когда Ив помогает ему проникнуть в залу с охотничьими трофеями Зароффа, где висят на стенах или лежат в бутылках человеческие головы. Там же Рейнсфорд видит тело Мартина, недавно принесенное с «охоты».Ив уводят слуги Зароффа, а Рейнсфорда сажают в цепи. Он отказывается от предложения «хозяина» участвовать в его охоте и называет его безумцем. Зарофф признается, что нарочно передвигает бакены у берегов острова, чтобы добывать таким образом человеческую дичь. Он предлагает – или, вернее, навязывает – Рейнсфорду то, что называет «партией в шахматы на открытом воздухе». Рейнсфорду дают нож; у него есть одна ночь, чтобы скрыться. Если к 4 часам утра его не убьют, то ему сохранят жизнь и позволят уплыть с острова вместе с Ив. Если же Рейнсфорд погибнет, Ив будет принадлежать Зароффу. «Только после охоты, – говорит граф, – человек познает подлинный экстаз любви».Рейнсфорд и Ив долго и с большим трудом пробираются через джунгли по острову и обнаруживают, что он гораздо меньше, чем им казалось. У них почти не остается шансов. Не теряя отваги, Рейнсфорд и Ив строят для Зароффа «малайскую ловушку». Если механизм сработает, на Зароффа обрушится многотонный ствол дерева. Но Зарофф, вооруженный татарским луком, в ловушку не попадается. Он берет дальнобойное ружье, чтобы застрелить Рейнсфорда, как леопарда. Рейнсфорд и Ив накрывают ветками разлом, ведущий в пропасть. Но и эту ловушку Зарофф обходит стороной.Беглецы скрываются в тумане, где их не может достать ружье графа. Зарофф спускает на них собак. Рейнсфорд и Ив бегут к быстрине. Пока Рейнсфорд сражается с собакой, Зарофф стреляет в него. Рейнсфорд падает в воду. На первый взгляд Зарофф победил – за несколько секунд до 4 часов. Чуть позже Рейнсфорд вновь появляется в замке. Пуля попала только в собаку. Зарофф, не умеющий проигрывать, выхватывает револьвер. В схватке он натыкается на стрелу, которую готовил для Рейнсфорда. Ив и Рейнсфорд отплывают с острова на каноэ. Зарофф из последних сил целится в них из лука, но, не выдержав последнего усилия, падает в яму с собаками.► Важнейшая картина в фантастическом кинематографе 30-х гг. В общей конструкции американского кино того периода фантастический жанр служит прибежищем сюжетов, мыслей, экспериментов, запретных для других жанров. Холодная, чудовищная и расчетливо садистская фигура Зароффа не могла возникнуть с такой же отчетливостью ни в одном приключенческом фильме, вестерне и даже детективе тех лет. Удивляя качеством сценария и смелостью диалогов, фильм в не меньшей степени удивляет мастерством режиссуры. Лаконичная, документальная, почти этнологическая сухость повествования сегодня остается такой же современной, какой была в 1932 г. Она не исключает обширных пластических поисков: затуманенные джунгли между небом и морем напоминают гравюру; подобные образы встречаются в большинстве фильмов Шоудсэка. Тут уже сложно отличить декорации от природы.Безумный Зарофф показан без малейшего сочувствия. Но комментаторы, восторженно отмечавшие оригинальность фильма, не всегда удерживались от сочувствия к этому персонажу. С другой стороны, картина несет в себе парадоксальный гуманистический заряд. Весь этот кошмар был построен для того, чтобы поменять героев ролями, и Рейнсфорд хотя бы раз в жизни смог ощутить то, что чувствует затравленный зверь. За секунду до кораблекрушения он объясняет своим друзьям: «Мир делится на 2 категории: охотников и жертв. По счастью, я принадлежу к числу охотников. Ничто и никогда не сможет это изменить». Во время охоты он скажет: «Теперь я понимаю, каково было зверям, которых я преследовал на охоте». А значит, при любом положении вещей Самая опасная дичь представляет собой кошмар с нравственным посылом, выгодно подчеркнутый совершенно незабываемым отсутствием сентиментальности и пафоса.N.B. Помимо двух «официальных» ремейков, Смертельная игра, A Game of Death, Роберт Уайз, 1946, и Погоня за солнцем, Run for the Sun, Рой Болтинг, 1956, Самая опасная дичь породила целое потомство фильмов, среди которых отдельно упомянем великолепную картину Нагая жертва, The Naked Prey, 1966, Корнела Уайлда и с ним же в главной роли.БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ: сценарий и диалоги в журнале «L'Avant-Scène», № 295–296 (1982). № 6 (1963) журнала «Midi-Minuit fantastique» частично посвящен фильму и содержит текст рассказа-первоисточника Ричарда Коннелла.Авторская энциклопедия фильмов Жака Лурселля > The Most Dangerous Game
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2 Metro, the Paris
First opened in 1900, the Paris Metro (or Métropolitain) is the city's subway system or underground railway system. Most of the network within central Paris is underground, though there are some aerial sections, notably on routes 2 and 6. It is linked with the city's suburban rapid transit system, the RER. The Paris Metro is Europe's second most-used urban subway system after the Moscow underground. Most routes use standard gauge steel rail tracks, though five of the routes operate with rubber-tyred rolling stock, running on concrete tracks. These are considerably quieter than the traditional trains used on other routes. The most recent route, line 14, opened in 1998 and known as the "Météor", uses driverless trains.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Metro, the Paris
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3 Constitution, the French
France is a republic; the institutions of governance of France are defined by the Constitution, more specifically by the current constitution, being that of the Cinquième République, or Fifth Republic. The Constitution has been modified several times since the start of the Fifth Republic, most recently in July 2008, when the French Congrès approved - by 1 vote over the 60% majority required - constitutional changes proposed by President Sarkozy.The Fifth Republic was established in 1958, and was largely the work of General de Gaulle - its first president, and Michel Debré his prime minister. It has been amended 17 times. Though the French constitution is parliamentary, it gave relatively extensive powers to the executive (President and Ministers) compared to other western democracies.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Constitution, the French
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4 Champagne
The most famous sparkling wine in the world, produced in the 34,000 hectares of registered vineyards in the Champagne-Ardenne region of north-east France. The two main centres for Champagne production are the areas of Reims and Epernay. Champagne is an Appellation contrôlée, and the name can only be used to describe sparkling wine produced in the Champagne area. Other areas used to label traditionally produced sparkling wines as being "méthode champenoise", but even this adjectival use of the word is now prohibited.The Champagne region contains the most northerly of France's major vineyards. Unlike most French wines, champagnes are blended in order to produce either non vintage champagnes (blended from different years) or vintage champagne, blended from wines of the same harvest. Consequently, since the quality of the champagne ultimately depends on a balance between the quality of the grapes and the skill of the blenders, Champagnes are also ranked and promoted by producer, not by any more finely delimited appellation. Among the most highly rated of blends are Krug, Mumm, Bollinger and Heidsieck, not to mention the very well known brands of Moët & Chandon and Taittinger.The distinct taste and purity of real champagne is certainly due to the chalky soil and the continental growing conditions that abound in the Champagne region. Several of the main French Champagne producers have set up branches and vineyards in California, but in spite of bringing over their best master-blenders, have never been able to achieve quite the same result.Although many people imagine that Champagnes are all white, this is not the case. Rosé champagnes also exist.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Champagne
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5 Bardot, Brigitte
The most famous French film actress of the 1950s and 1960s. Bardot was the symbol of the sexual emancipation of the period, and the most famous French woman of her generation. Known as BB (pronounced Bébé - meaning Baby), she was for many years the incarnation of the seductive French woman, and appeared in some fifty films, before retiring from the screen in 1973. Since then, she has become a militant animal-rights activist, founding the Brigitte Bardot Foundation in 1986. More recently, she has lost a certain amount of popular respect, on acount of her sympathy for a number of extreme right-wing causes. Nevertheless, in Febrary 2008, in an international survey, she was voted the second most beautiful woman in the world, after Catherine Zeta Jones.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Bardot, Brigitte
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6 Ile de France
the region of France surrounding Paris, consisting of eight departments. The Ile de France is the most prosperous region in France, and one of the most prosperous regions in Europe. With 11.6 million inhabitants, it is also the most populated region in France. Until 1976, theIle de France was known as the District de la région parisienne.; it is still commonly referred to in speech and in print as the Région Parisienne.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Ile de France
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7 Verts, les
the French Green Party, founded in 1984 from the amalgamation of two ecology parties. The French Green Party has deputies in the National Assembly, Eurodeputies (MEPs), and also a strong presence in local government in France, notably in towns or other authorities where the Greens are allied with the Socialists. As allies of the Socialists, the Greens even had two ministers in the first Jospin government from 1997 to 2002, in particular the most prominent of their leaders, madame Dominique Voynet.The Greens came to prominence in the1990s, when "red-green" alliances with the Socialists in local politics and national politics led to the election of deputies, of a number of Green mayors, and to the appointment of a number of Greens as deputy mayors in many French cities, notably including Paris. After the 2008 municipal elections, the Greens officially controlled 42 municipalities in France; however, their place in the political landscape of France was weaker than it was a decade earlier, and with the environmental issue being seized by most of France's mainstream political parties, the party faced an uncertain future as a force in French politics. However, under the inspiration of Daniel Cohn Bendit, the French Greens surged back in the 2009 european elections, coming third, just a few thousand votes behind the socialist Party.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Verts, les
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8 Arrondissement
The word used to define the administrative districts of the major French cities, notably Paris, Lyon and Marseilles. The city of Paris (that is Paris within the limits of the old walls and the modern boulevard périphérique) is divided into 20 arrondissements, numbered clockwise and in concentric circles from the centre. Probably the two most famous arondissements are the fifth, containing the Latin quarter and the Sorbonne, and the sixteenth, the most affluent district of central Paris. Each arrondissement has its local council and its mayor, as well as its town hall orhotel de ville.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Arrondissement
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9 Champs Elysées
The most prestigious avenue in Paris, running between the Place de la Concorde and the Arc de Triomphe in the Place de l'Etoile. The broad avenue is the traditional venue for national parades, and in particular for the Bastille Day parade onJuly 14th. The street is lined by some of the most expensive shops and cafés in the cityDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Champs Elysées
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10 Lyon, Gare de
The most important Parisian railway terminus, the Gare de Lyon is the departure point for trains serving the whole of south eastern France, a segment stretching from Mulhouse to Perpignan, as well as Switzerland and Italy. It is the Paris terminus of the original and most important TGV route, the TGV Sud Est. The main building and the great glass vault were built in 1900, to mark the great French Universal Exhibition of that year.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Lyon, Gare de
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11 HEC
The Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, a grande école located in Paris, is France's top business school. Founded in 1881, it is now (since 2008) part of a larger organisation called "Paris Tech". HEC is run by the Paris Chamber of commerce (see CCI), and is reputed as one of the best business schools in the world, indeed classed top in the Financial Times European business schools league table in 2005, 2006 and 2007.HEC offers 380 places per year in its first year of study, and with almost 4,000 candidates per year is the Grande école with the most competitive entry. The degree course, which includes at least 20 weeks abroad, and an internship, lasts 3 years, meaning effectively that most students do not graduate until five years after their baccalaureate (2 years of prépa to prepare for entry, then 3 years of HEC once accepted). HEC also offers MBA qualifications. -
12 Comédie Française
the original and most prestigious of France's national theatres, and the only state theatre with a permanent troup of actors. Founded in 1680 under Louis XIV, it has been associated with many of the most famous playwrights in french history, from Molière onwards. The theatre is based (since 1799) in the Salle Richelieu, in the Palais Royal in the centre of Paris (1° arrondissement).Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Comédie Française
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13 Gauloises
the archetypal French cigarette, Gauloises were once the most widely smoked brand of cigarette in France, the preferred cigarette of 1960's and 1970's icons such as Jean-Paul Sartre or Serge Gainsbourg. They were the most popular of the French brands of "brown" tobacco (seeTabac brun) cigarettes, at a time when less than 20% of French smokers preferred blondes - cigarettes with light Virginia-style tobacco. The production of Gauloises cigarettes in France ceased in 2005.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Gauloises
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14 Bibliothèque Nationale
The French national library, known to academics as the BN, was historically sited in the First arrondissement of Paris. As a deposit library, the BN receives a copy of every book and periodical published in France. It also contains the most important French collection of manuscripts and old printed books from before the Revolution. Previously located in the Rue Richelieu, in the 1st arondissement of central Paris, the library moved in 1996 to custom-designed new buildings beside the Seine in the 13th arondissement known as the Bibliothèque François Mitterrand. The last of France's " grands projects" of the 20th century, the building attracted criticism for environmentally-poor design - in particular for the idea of storing books in eighteen-story glass-clad skyscraper buildings.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Bibliothèque Nationale
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15 Pétanque
The most popular form of the game known as boules, pétanque is the French version of the English game of bowls. It has been played in a fairly similar form since Roman times, and is particularly popular in the south of France. The modern game is played on a gravel surface using solid metalboules about the size of a tennis ball. Unlike in the English game where the balls are rolled, in pétanque they are usually lobbed. The aim of the game is to get one's boule as close as possible to the jack, known as the cochonnet in French. Though the game can be played on any patch of gravel surface, many towns have special boules areas known as boulodromes.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Pétanque
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16 Vendée Globe Challenge
the most high-profile of yacht-races organised in France, the Vendée Globe is a single-handed non-stop round-the-world yacht race, that takes place every four years. Participants set off from, and return to, the small port of Les Sables d'Olonne, in the Vendée, on France's Atlantic coast. The race is open to monohull yachts up to 60 ft. in length ("Open 60" class). French yachts make up the majority of participants in the race, and the Vendée Globe has always been won by a French yacht; however in 2001 24-year-old British yachtswoman Ellen MacArthur caused a sensation when she came in second, having diverted at one point to go to the assistance of another yacht that was in difficulty. The race starts in November, and yachts that complete the gruelling round-the-world journey arrive back in Les Sables d'Olonne in January or February. Thanks to continually progressing boat technology, the winning times have fallen dramatically since the race was first held in 1989-90. Titouan Lamazou, winner of the first Vendée Globe, completed the voyage in 109 days; Vincent Riou, winner in 2004-5, finished in 87 days; indeed, the first 8 competitors in the 2004-05 Vendee Globe beat Lamazou's winning time of 1990. Competitors in the 2008-2009 Vendée Globe set off from Les Sables d'Olonne on 9th November, straight into heavy seas in the Bay of Biscay.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Vendée Globe Challenge
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17 Boulogne, bois de
The largest green space in the centre of the Parisconurbation. Often referred to simply as " le bois", this old tract of woodland, situated just outside the city limits of central Paris ( Paris intra muros), is the most famous of Parisian parks. Being situated on the western edge of the city centre, le Bois has traditionally been popular with the residents of Paris's more affluent and cultured western arondissements, notably the 16th, and features prominently in many works of French literature. The park today covers an area of 846 hectares, three times the size of London's Hyde Park.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Boulogne, bois de
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18 Lascaux
the site of the most famous paleolithic cave paintings in France, if not in the world. Lascaux is in the department of the Dordogne. Discovered in 1940, the cave became a major tourist attra ction, but was closed in 1963 on account of the damage being done to the 16,000 year old paintings by the presence of so many humans. Twenty years later, Lascaux II, a faithful reproduction of part of the original cave, situated 200 metres from it, was opened to the public. The site was classed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Lascaux
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19 Roquefort
the most famous of France's many blue cheeses is a Mediterranean classic, a blue cheese made from sheep's milk. The village of Roquefort sur Soulzon is situated on the edge of the Causse du Larzac, a few miles south west of Millau in the Aveyron department. Historically, Roquefort was made from the milk of the sheep that grazed on the barren Causses; but nowadays, a lot of the milk used to produce the cheese is shipped in from other parts, as far away as Corsica. Nonetheless, to benefit from the geo-specific label, Roquefort cheese has to be made and matured in the traditional region.….. (see Cheeses)Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Roquefort
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20 Appel du 18 Juin
the most famous wartime speech made by General deGaulle on 18 June 1940, calling all Frenchmen to arms in defence against the Nazi invader. The speech was given from London, on the airwaves of the BBC, and was widely printed and circulated in France from the next day onwards. It is generally considered to be the founding speech of the French Resistance movement.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Appel du 18 Juin
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make the most of — {v. phr.} To do the most you can with; get the most from; use to the greatest advantage. * /She planned the weekend in town to make the most of it./ * /George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn./ * /The teacher went… … Dictionary of American idioms
